Journal: FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

Article Title: The effect of anesthetics on toll like receptor 9

doi: 10.1096/fj.202000791RR

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of anesthetics on TLR9 activation. A, The effect of volatile anesthetics isoflurane (ISF, 1 and 2%) and sevoflurane (SVF, 1 and 2%) on TLR9 activation was examined using HEK-TLR9 reporter cells stimulated with ODN2006 as described in the Methods. We also examined the effect of intravenous anesthetics propofol (PFL, 10 and 100 μM), ketamine (KET, 100 μM), and dexmedetomidine (DEX, 100 μM) on TLR9 activation. Data were shown as mean ± SD of six replicates. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis. *P < .05 and ***P < .001 vs ODN2006 stimulated group without anesthetics, respectively. B, The profile of cytokines produced by ODN2006 stimulation in whole blood was tested in duplicates using Proteome Profiler human cytokine array kit. The result of membrane blot was shown on the left. The expression level of cytokines tested analyzed by Image J software was shown on the right. C, The effect of isoflurane (ISF, 2%), sevoflurane (SVF, 2%), and propofol (PFL, 100 μM) on IL-8 production in whole blood was examined using IL-8 ELISA assay. Data were shown as mean ± SD of triplicate. *P < .05 and **P < .01 vs ODN2006 stimulated samples without anesthetics, respectively. D, The effect of isoflurane (ISF, 2%), sevoflurane (SVF, 2%). and propofol (PFL, 100 μM) on TLR9-MyD88 interaction was examined using immunoprecipitation. The image shown was representative of two independent experiments. The expression level of MyD88 was determined by Image J software

Article Snippet: Following centrifugation, supernatants were subjected to immunoprecipitation using rabbit anti-human TLR9 antibody (Cell Signaling Technology; Danvers, MA, USA) and Dynabeads Protein A immunoprecipitation kit (Thermofisher Scientific; Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Produced, Expressing, Software, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunoprecipitation

Journal: EBioMedicine

Article Title: The contrasting role of nasopharyngeal angiotensin converting enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ) transcription in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A cross-sectional study of people tested for COVID-19 in British Columbia, Canada

doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103316

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics of analytic data stratified by COVID-19 test result ( n = 424).

Article Snippet: Transmembrane ACE2 was defined from the Hs01085333_m1 (ThermoFisher) gene target, which exon spans the transmembrane domain.

Techniques:

Journal: EBioMedicine

Article Title: The contrasting role of nasopharyngeal angiotensin converting enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ) transcription in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A cross-sectional study of people tested for COVID-19 in British Columbia, Canada

doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103316

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relationship between age and nasopharyngeal transmembrane ACE2 transcription in unmatched COVID-19-negative participants. Boxplots of transmembrane ACE2 transcription by 10-year age categories in unmatched COVID-19-negative participants between the ages of 19 and 98 ( n = 198); boxes represent the Q1-Q3 interquartile range, whiskers represent 1.5x the Q1 or Q3 and horizontal lines the median transmembrane ACE2 transcription by age category. Participants who tested negative younger than 19 or older than 98 were excluded based on n <10 observations per age group. No difference was detected in mean transmembrane ACE2 transcription among age categories (ANOVA, P = 0•092).

Article Snippet: Transmembrane ACE2 was defined from the Hs01085333_m1 (ThermoFisher) gene target, which exon spans the transmembrane domain.

Techniques:

Journal: EBioMedicine

Article Title: The contrasting role of nasopharyngeal angiotensin converting enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ) transcription in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A cross-sectional study of people tested for COVID-19 in British Columbia, Canada

doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103316

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative nasopharyngeal transcription of targeted host genes by COVID-19 test result. Gene transcription is portrayed in kernel density plots stratified by COVID-19 test result. Probability densities of relative host gene transcription are shown by positive (red, transmembrane ACE2 ; blue, soluble ACE2 ; yellow, TMPRSS2 ) and negative COVID-19 test results (gray). Levene's test was used to detect non-equal variance in gene transcription for all host targets between COVID-19-negative and -positive participants. A two-tailed, paired t -test was used to examine mean difference in host gene transcription by COVID-19 test result assuming unequal variance: (a) transmembrane ACE2 ( P = 0•00,012), (b) soluble ACE2 ( P <0•0001) and (c) TMPRSS2 ( P <0•0001).

Article Snippet: Transmembrane ACE2 was defined from the Hs01085333_m1 (ThermoFisher) gene target, which exon spans the transmembrane domain.

Techniques: Two Tailed Test

Journal: EBioMedicine

Article Title: The contrasting role of nasopharyngeal angiotensin converting enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ) transcription in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A cross-sectional study of people tested for COVID-19 in British Columbia, Canada

doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103316

Figure Lengend Snippet: Unadjusted, adjusted and effect modification inclusive linear regression models of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA load.

Article Snippet: Transmembrane ACE2 was defined from the Hs01085333_m1 (ThermoFisher) gene target, which exon spans the transmembrane domain.

Techniques: Modification

Journal: EBioMedicine

Article Title: The contrasting role of nasopharyngeal angiotensin converting enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ) transcription in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A cross-sectional study of people tested for COVID-19 in British Columbia, Canada

doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103316

Figure Lengend Snippet: The association between transmembrane ACE2 transcription and SARS-CoV-2 RNA load in nasopharyngeal tissue differs by the amount of soluble ACE2 transcription. Soluble ACE2 transcription was categorized into low, mean and high levels to demonstrate the relationship. The low category (gray) represents soluble ACE2 transcription one standard deviation or greater below the mean transcription ( n = 74). The mean category (orange) codes for the mean soluble ACE2 transcription at zero standard deviations. The high category (blue) indicates soluble ACE2 transcription one standard deviation or greater above mean transcription ( n = 80). Shaded areas represent 95% confidence intervals, solid lines represent Β-coefficients for simple slopes derived from multiple linear regression. Figure S4 visualizes the corresponding effect of soluble ACE2 transcription +/- 2 SD or greater from the mean; estimates are reported in Table 2 .

Article Snippet: Transmembrane ACE2 was defined from the Hs01085333_m1 (ThermoFisher) gene target, which exon spans the transmembrane domain.

Techniques: Standard Deviation, Derivative Assay